Smad4抗体

抗体基本结构：

公司产品仅用于科研专业供应的抗体，是用于化学反应、分析化验、研究实验、教学实验、化学配方使用的纯净化学品，价格实惠，多种规格供应，售后完善。
英文名称: Smad4

中文名称: Smad4抗体

规格：50ul、100ul、200ul
别    名:Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; (Small) Mothers Against Decapentaplegic; Deleted in Pancreatic Carcinoma; Deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4; Deletion target in pancreatic carcinoma 4; DPC 4; DPC4; hSMAD4; JIP; MAD homolog 4; MAD mothers against decapentaplegic Drosophila homolog 4; MAD mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; MADH 4; MADH4; Med; Medea; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; Mothers against DPP homolog 4; OTTHUMP00000163548; Smad 4; SMAD family member 4; SMAD mothers against DPP homolog 4.

研究领域:肿瘤  细胞生物  信号转导  细胞凋亡  生长因子和激素

抗体来源:Rabbit

克隆类型:Polyclonal

交叉反应:Human, Mouse, Rat,

产品应用:WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （石蜡切片需做抗原修复）

not yet tested in other applications.

optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

理论分子量:60kDa

细胞定位:细胞核 细胞浆

性    状:Liquid

浓    度:1mg/ml

免 疫 原:KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human Smad4: 31-120/545

亚    型:IgG

纯化方法:affinity purified by Protein A

缓 冲 液:0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.

注意事项:This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.

产品介绍:Smad 4 is a member of the Mothers Against Dpp (MAD)-related family of proteins. So far, eight Smads have been identified and can be divided in 3 subgroups based on their structure and functions; pathway-restricted, common mediator and inhibitory Smad. Smad 4 is the common Smad (co-Smad). Previously identified as the tumor suppressor DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic carcinoma, locus 4), Smad 4 is functionally distinct among the Smad family, and is required for the assembly and transcriptional activation of diverse, Smad-DNA complexes. In contrast to the R-Smads, Smad 4 is not regulated by phosphorylation, but acts as a common mediator of TGF-Beta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling responses. Smad 4 is frequently inactivated in pancreatic, biliary and colorectal tumors.

Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.
抗体的定义：

抗体（antibody），（免疫球蛋白不仅仅只是抗体）是一种由浆细胞（效应B细胞）分泌，被免疫系统用来鉴别与中和外来物质如细菌、病毒等的大型Y形蛋白质，仅被发现存在于脊椎动物的血液等体液中，及其B细胞的细胞膜表面。抗体能识别特定外来物的一个特征，该外来目标被称为抗原。

动物抗体功能分类：

①猪抗体：猪瘟抗体，猪蓝耳抗体，猪圆环病毒抗体，猪伪狂犬抗体，猪细小病毒抗体，猪口蹄疫抗体，猪流感抗体等。

②禽抗体:小鹅瘟抗体，鸭肝抗体抗体，鸭浆膜炎抗体，抗体，新城疫抗体等

③牛抗体：牛口蹄疫抗体，奶牛乳房炎抗体，牛流行热抗体，牛病毒性腹泻抗体，牛出血性败血症抗体等

④羊抗体：羊痘抗体，羊口蹄疫抗体，羊小反刍兽疫抗体，羊快疫抗体，羊肠毒血症抗体，羊猝疽抗体，羊黑疫抗体等。

⑤犬抗体：犬狂犬病抗体、犬瘟热抗体、犬副流感抗体、犬腺病毒抗体与犬细小病毒病抗体，狐貉水貂的伪狂犬抗体、细小病毒抗体、乙脑抗体等。

抗体的结构：

抗体是具有4条多肽链的对称结构，其中2条较长、相对分子量较大的相同的重链(H链)；2条较短、相对分子量较小的相同的轻链(L链)。链间由二硫键和非共价键联结形成一个由4条多肽链构成的单体分子。轻链有κ和λ两种，重链有μ、δ、γ、ε和α五种。 整个抗体分子可分为恒定区和可变区两部分。在给定的物种中，不同抗体分子的恒定区都具有相同的或几乎相同的氨基酸序列。可变区位于"Y"的两臂末端。在可变区内有一小部分氨基酸残基变化特别强烈，这些氨基酸的残基组成和排列顺序更易发生变异区域称高变区。高变区位于分子表面，最多由17个氨基酸残基构成，少则只有2 ～ 3个。高变区氨基酸序列决定了该抗体结合抗原抗原的特异性。一个抗体分子上的两个抗原结合部位是相同的，位于两臂末端称抗原结合片段(antigen-binding fragment, Fab)。"Y"的柄部称结晶片段(crystalline fragment,FC)，糖结合在FC 上。

免疫荧光技术的实验步骤：

一、准备好试剂与仪器：

磷酸盐缓冲盐水、荧光标记的抗体溶液、缓冲甘油、搪瓷桶三只、有盖搪瓷盒一只、荧光显微镜、玻片架、滤纸、37℃温箱等。

二、实验步骤

1.滴加0.01mol/L，pH7.4的PBS于待检标本片上，十分钟后弃去，使标本保持一定湿度。

2.滴加适当稀释的荧光标记的抗体溶液，使其覆盖标本，置于有盖搪瓷盒内，保温一定时间以三十分钟为参考。

3.取出玻片，置玻片架上，先用0.01mol/L，pH7.4的PBS冲洗后，再按顺序过0.01mol/L，pH7.4的PBS三缸浸泡，每缸三到五分钟，并不停地摇晃振荡。

4.取出玻片，用滤纸吸去多余水分，但不使标本干燥，加一滴缓冲甘油，以盖玻片覆盖。

5.立即用荧光显微镜观察。观察标本的特异性荧光强度。

抗体制备过程：

1.材料与试剂

 a．提取的动物 Ig

 b．弗氏佐剂和弗氏不佐剂

 d．实验动物 兔

 e．其它材料及试剂

2、选择实验活体。

3、进行动物免疫实验。

4、试取血样进行测试，查看免疫效果。

5、如果免疫成功，杀死实验活体，采集全部血清。

6、纯化出抗体。

7、鉴定抗体。胎牛血清（无菌采制）

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